- Give examples of some questions you can ask to evaluate the external validity of a correlational study.
- Review the blog: Cell-Phones Only – Whom Should Polls Call, located in Topic 5 resources, and answer the following questions: How might an organization like Pew Research obtain an accurate estimate of the number of cell-phone-only households in the first place? What kind of sample would be needed to get this estimate? How would a researcher contact this sample?
YENROSE CLASSMATES REPLIES:
Monique Pena
Jun 17, 2024, 3:58 AM
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Hello,
These are some questions I would ask to evaluate the external validity of a correlational study.
- Is the sample representative of the population being studied?
2. Can the findings be applied to other populations or settings?
3. Are there any biases or variables that could affect the study’s validity?
4. Are the measures used reliable and applicable in different contexts?
5. Do the findings align with existing research?
Matthew White
Jun 17, 2024, 6:19 AM
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Pew Research could obtain an accurate estimate of the number of cell-phone-only households by employing a combination of random digit dialing and targeted sampling. Random digit dialing involves generating random phone numbers and calling them to reach a diverse range of households, including cell-phone-only households. Targeted sampling would involve specifically targeting areas or demographics known to have higher incidences of cell-phone-only usage, such as younger demographics or urban areas. By combining these approaches, Pew Research could obtain a more accurate estimate of the number of cell-phone-only households.
To ensure an accurate estimate, a sample that is representative of the population would be needed. This means including a proportionate number of individuals from different demographic groups, such as age, gender, income level, and geographic location. This stratified sampling approach would help ensure that the estimate is not skewed towards one particular demographic and is reflective of the population as a whole.
Once the sample is identified, researchers could contact them through a variety of methods, including phone calls, text messages, or even online surveys. Given that the target group consists of cell-phone-only households, contacting them via mobile devices would likely be the most effective approach. This could involve sending text messages with survey links or even making direct calls to mobile numbers obtained through random digit dialing.
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ALBERTOS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
- Explain the difference between fixed and variable costs, and give two examples of each. Can a company budget for variable costs? Explain.
- Explain the basic components of cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis. Why is it important to determine a company’s break-even point?
ALBERTOS CLASS MATES REPLIES:
Kimberly Greene
Jun 17, 2024, 2:36 PM(edited)
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Hello Class,
There are so many things and objectives that go into running a successful business. In this chapter, we are learning about costs. Two specifically for this discussion is Variable cost and fixed costs. Both play a vital role in a company’s monthly, quarterly, and yearly expenses. When it comes to Fixed cost, these are costs that do not change they stay the same. They are cost that will most likely not change or fluctuate. There are two examples that come to mind are one an employees salary. If the company has a set salary for an employee they know that salary will most likely not change because that is set in stone majority of the time. Another example of fixed cost would be cleaning for the office. You have a contract for a set price for a number of office cleanings a month. That will not change until a price negotiation is done when that contracts most likely is to be renewed, but until then you have a set cost monthly. Variable costs are cost that can move day to day or month to month. One example is Utilities for the building. Unless you have a set price with the Utility service, your price can change monthly. The seasons change, some times overtime may be worked for more usage. So this is considered a variable cost. I would also say marketing could be a variable cost. Depending on what you need from prints to social media. All packages are different. Unless you have a hired staff member who is on a fixed salary, then this cost or fee could be variable month to month due to the amount of marketing you need and extent of marketing. All in all both are cost that need to be closely monitored for a company. Variable cost can be budgeted but may need to budget a little higher just in case for the fluctuation after seeing how the fees and costs change for a particular expense. This will help you to have some room if the cost does move a little and the company does not want to be blindsided by the extra expense.
Kim
Reference:
Warren, C., Jones, J., and Tayler, W. 2023. Financial & Managerial Accounting. 16th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage. ISBN-13: 9780357714041
Lisa Woodard
Jun 18, 2024, 5:31 PM
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The (CVP) Cost – Volume- Profit analysis is a management tool used to examine the relationships among selling prices, sales and production volume, costs, expenses, and profits. It’s very important for companies to use this analysis to make good business decisions based on the cost behavior.
