This week’s reading provides overview of the research on the formation of subcultures and social control theory. After reviewing the reading for week 3, as well as the week 3 discussion articles in the lesson for this week, discuss/debate with your classmates your position on which factors you feel play a greater role pertaining to middle-class delinquency and its relation to gangs.
The Role of Subcultures and Social Control Theory in Middle-Class Delinquency and Gangs
This week’s reading on the formation of subcultures and social control theory offers valuable insights into understanding delinquency, particularly among middle-class youth, and its potential connection to gang involvement. By analyzing these theories, we can better comprehend the underlying factors contributing to middle-class delinquency and its relation to gangs.
Subcultures and Delinquency
The concept of subcultures is pivotal in explaining delinquent behavior within various social strata. Subcultures, as defined by sociologists, are groups that develop distinct values and norms divergent from mainstream society. These subcultures often emerge as a response to perceived societal failures or as an alternative to the dominant cultural expectations. In the context of middle-class delinquency, subcultures may form among youths who feel alienated or disaffected despite their socio-economic advantages.
Middle-class delinquency often challenges the notion that financial stability and access to resources universally safeguard individuals from criminal behavior. Instead, it suggests that psychological and social factors can drive middle-class youths towards delinquency. Factors such as academic pressure, familial expectations, and social alienation can contribute to the formation of subcultures among middle-class youths who seek to rebel against or escape from these pressures. For example, some may turn to drug use or petty crime as a form of resistance or a means to express dissatisfaction with their prescribed societal roles.
Social Control Theory
In contrast, social control theory posits that delinquent behavior results from weakened social bonds and a lack of effective social controls. According to Travis Hirschi’s social control theory, individuals are less likely to engage in delinquency when they have strong attachments to family, school, and community. The theory emphasizes that strong social bonds act as deterrents against criminal behavior by fostering a sense of responsibility and accountability.
When applied to middle-class delinquency, social control theory suggests that despite the appearance of strong social bonds in middle-class families, these bonds may not always be effective in preventing delinquent behavior. The pressure to conform to high expectations and achieve success can strain familial relationships and lead to feelings of isolation. This strain can weaken the social controls that typically discourage delinquency, making middle-class youths more susceptible to engaging in criminal activities.
The Connection to Gangs
The relationship between middle-class delinquency and gangs is complex and multifaceted. While gangs are often associated with lower socio-economic groups, middle-class youths are not immune to gang involvement. Gangs can provide a sense of belonging and identity, which may be appealing to those who feel disconnected from their families or social institutions.
For middle-class youths, gang involvement may be driven by a desire to escape the pressures and expectations of their socio-economic status. Gangs offer an alternative subculture that provides a sense of camaraderie and acceptance, which can be particularly alluring to those experiencing social or emotional struggles. This connection is consistent with the subcultural theory, where involvement in gangs can be seen as a response to unmet emotional or social needs.
Conclusion
In summary, both the formation of subcultures and social control theory offer valuable perspectives on middle-class delinquency and its relation to gangs. Subcultural theory highlights how middle-class youths may engage in delinquent behavior as a form of resistance or escape from societal pressures. Social control theory, on the other hand, suggests that weakened social bonds and strained relationships can make middle-class youths more susceptible to delinquency. Together, these theories provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to middle-class delinquency and its potential connection to gang involvement. By considering both perspectives, we can better address the underlying causes of delinquency and develop more effective interventions to support at-risk youths.