Complete a MindMap template on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease(GERD) by;
1.Describe the pathophysiology of the primary diagnosis in your own words. What are the patient’s risk factors for this diagnosis?
2.What are the patient’s signs and symptoms for this diagnosis? How does the diagnosis impact other body systems and what are the possible complications?
3. What are other potential diagnosis that present in a similar way to this diagnosis (differentials)?
4. What diagnostic tests or labs would you order to rule out the differentials for this patient or confirm the primary diagnosis?
5. What treatment options would you consider? Include possible referrals and medications.
Concept Map Template
Primary Diagnosis: ___________________________________________________________
- Describe the pathophysiology of the primary diagnosis in your own words. What are the patient’s risk factors for this diagnosis?
| Pathophysiology of Primary Diagnosis | |
| Causes | Risk Factors (genetic/ethnic/physical) |
- What are the patient’s signs and symptoms for this diagnosis? How does the diagnosis impact other body systems and what are the possible complications?
| Signs and Symptoms – Common presentation | How does the diagnosis impact each body system? Complications? |
- What are other potential diagnosis that present in a similar way to this diagnosis (differentials)?
- What diagnostic tests or labs would you order to rule out the differentials for this patient or confirm the primary diagnosis?
- What treatment options would you consider? Include possible referrals and medications.
Here’s a completed MindMap template on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):
Primary Diagnosis: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Describe the pathophysiology of the primary diagnosis in your own words. What are the patient’s risk factors for this diagnosis?
Pathophysiology of Primary Diagnosis
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GERD occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, irritating its lining. This is often due to a weakened lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing acid to reflux. Risk factors include obesity, smoking, hiatal hernia, pregnancy, and certain medications.
Causes
- Weakness of Lower Esophageal Sphincter
- Hiatal Hernia
- Delayed Stomach Emptying
Risk Factors
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Hiatal Hernia
- Pregnancy
- Certain Medications (e.g., NSAIDs)
What are the patient’s signs and symptoms for this diagnosis? How does the diagnosis impact other body systems and what are the possible complications?
Signs and Symptoms – Common presentation
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- Heartburn
- Regurgitation
- Chest Pain
- Dysphagia
- Chronic Cough
- Hoarseness
- Dental Erosion
How does the diagnosis impact each body system? Complications?
- Esophagus: Esophagitis, Barrett's Esophagus, Strictures
- Respiratory System: Asthma, Chronic Cough
- Dental: Dental Erosion, Cavities
- Sleep: Sleep Disturbances
What are other potential diagnoses that present in a similar way to this diagnosis (differentials)?
- Peptic Ulcer Disease
- Esophageal Motility Disorders
- Cardiac Issues (e.g., Angina)
- Gallbladder Disease
What diagnostic tests or labs would you order to rule out the differentials for this patient or confirm the primary diagnosis?
- Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
- Ambulatory pH Monitoring
- Esophageal Manometry
- Barium Swallow
- Upper GI Endoscopy
- Blood Tests (e.g., CBC, CMP)
What treatment options would you consider? Include possible referrals and medications.
- Lifestyle Modifications:
- Dietary Changes
- Weight Loss
- Elevating the Head of the Bed
- Medications:
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- H2-Receptor Antagonists
- Antacids
- Surgical Options:
- Fundoplication
- Referral to:
- Gastroenterologist
- Registered Dietitian
- Surgeon (for severe cases)
This completed template provides an overview of GERD, including its pathophysiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, impact on other body systems, differentials, diagnostic tests, and treatment options.