One of the disturbing uses of statistics in the media is taking statistical information and displaying the information in an exaggerated manner to trick the reader into a certain point of view. On pages 98-100 of your textbook, pick one of the following problems:1, 2, 3a, 4a, 5, 6, 7a, 8, 9, 13, or 15. Discuss how the graph is misleading. Why might the graph’s creator have made the graph this way? How could the graph be improved to show the information in an unbiased manner? Do you think it is unethical to portray information in this way? Why or why not?
Graphs can be powerful tools for conveying information, but they can also be manipulated to mislead readers. One example from pages 98-100 of the textbook is Problem 5, which illustrates how the vertical axis can be manipulated to exaggerate differences. The graph in this problem uses a vertical axis that does not start at zero, creating the illusion of a significant change or difference where the actual data might show only a slight variation. This technique can make minor differences appear dramatic and mislead the reader into thinking that the data reflects a more substantial change than it actually does.
The creator of the graph might have designed it this way to emphasize a particular point of view or to provoke a stronger emotional response from the audience. By exaggerating the differences between data points, the graph can be used to support a specific argument or agenda, potentially swaying public opinion or decision-making.
To improve the graph and present the information in an unbiased manner, the vertical axis should start at zero. This adjustment would provide a more accurate visual representation of the data, showing the true scale of differences between data points. Additionally, the graph should be clearly labeled, with appropriate scales and context provided to help the reader understand the data without being misled.
Portraying information in this way can be considered unethical, as it involves a deliberate attempt to deceive or manipulate the audience. While all data presentations involve some level of interpretation, intentionally exaggerating or distorting information to mislead others crosses the line into unethical behavior. It undermines trust in the media and statistical analysis, potentially leading to misinformed decisions and harm to individuals or society.